The kingdom of animals is informally divided into invertebrate animals, those without a backbone, and vertebrate animals, those with a backbone. ![]() Describe the organizational features of cnidarians.Describe the organizational features of the simplest animals.After the eggs mature they themselves are released to find their way to move on and form new sponges.Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: They can then use this filtered sperm (from other sponges) to fertilize the eggs in their own bodies. While the sponge holds onto the eggs, clouds of sperm are released into the water column and are filtered out by the same process as the barrel sponge uses for food and oxygen. Giant tube sponges on the other hand are hermaphroditic, producing both eggs and sperm at the same time. Given time though, the individual cells will find a workaround so that water flow will resume and the sponge will continue to grow. If for example, a clumsy diver kicks or bumps into a barrel sponge, the crushed cells on the sponge may well stop water flow through the wall and whole sections of the sponge will die off. Remember that the sponge itself is thousands or millions of cells working together to enable this process to happen, each able to change its task as required. The materials that they don’t need are excreted into the “bowl” in the middle. The freshly filtered water is the ejected from the osculum, (the large hole at the top). By filtering oxygen and particulate out of the water for food, they make a pretty efficient filtering / eating machines. Giant barrel sponges, like we find in Nusa Lembongan, feed by filtering water through the wall of the body by whipping their flagellum.
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